Key Escrowing: History and How it Affects You Essay -- Technology Encr

Key Escrowing History and How it Affects You Keys and disclose escrowing are important topics in the world of business today. If they are important in business wherefore should you be concerned with them? This paper will cover what are private and ordinary keys and key escrowing. It will discuss the benefits, disadvantages, issues of the past concerning these topics, and why you should move over an interest in them.Private & Public KeysPrivate keys are mostly a thing of the past. They are simple and easy to have intercepted. The charge private keys work is this a message is written and encrypted by the sender using a key next the receiver of the message is confinen the key along with the message they are then able to decode what was written (Baase, 88). The problem with this is that there is really no need to encode the message. If you have to give the key to the receiver, why not just give them the message not encrypted? Public keys provide much more security. I n public key procedure, public and private keys are made. The public key is given to whoever would like to write an encrypted message. Once the message is encrypted and sent to the receiver, they use their private key to decode the message. unaccompanied the private key is able to decode. Not even the public key is able to decode what it just encoded (Baase, 95). If the encrypted document fell into the wrong hands, that person would have no way of deciphering it. Only the person possessing the private key has the ability to read the message. The government does not like this because illegal activities can be plan or talked about through this method without the government having any knowledge about it. That is why the government came up with the idea of key e... ...does key escrowing opine to the common person? First of all, tuition that you provide to banks, insurance agencies, hospitals, etc. is confidential information that is encrypted when it is sent electronically . If someone acquired a key that was not meant to, your information could be spread or sold. Your privacy would be breached. This is also an easy way for the government to store information on citizens. If they have keys to all encrypted documents, they would be able to access information at any time whether necessary or not. The idea of key escrowing is to protect the country. Its main intention is to raise the take of security. Terrorists or criminals could be caught before a serious incident occurred. Works Cited Baase, Sara. A Gift of Fire Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in Computing. Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper turn on River, NJ. 1997.

Alternative Medicine and the Christian Responsibility Essay -- Medical

Alternative Medicine and the Christian ResponsibilityAcupuncture, ayurveda, chiropractice, homeopathy, meditation, osteopathy, and yoga are just a few of the many types of treat practiced tout ensemble over the world. According to the occidental establishment, all these forms of medicine are called alternative medicines. However, some of the aforementioned techniques have been in continuous use for over sestet thousand years, predating western medicine by over four thousand years. Yet, still many M.D.s reject alternative forms of medicine. One of the buzzwords in medicine in recent years has been holistic medicine. Physicians are becoming more aware of the need to treat the whole patient rather than just accepted symptoms. Due to this realization, a small percentage of doctors are turning to ancient forms of medicine as a guide to alternative treatments. As alternative forms of medicine emerge in the western world, Christian scientists need to determine the moral, religious, and scientific validity of such techniques in order to gain a more holistic approach to medicine.Moral IssuesAccording to the Hippocratic Oath, which every physician must take, each physician is expected to deliver the form of care which she considers most safe to a patients wellness. There are a few minor stipulations guiding treatment by a physician, but for the most part, doctors have much shore leave in choosing a regimen for a particular patient. If we look only at the Hippocratic Oath as the governing body of a physicians actions, whence we must admit that no doctor is obligated to broaden his views and seed treatments with which he is not already familiar. However, every year doctors are required to follow up certain requirements in continuing educatio... ...at an open mind about many of the forms of alternative medicine may reveal new forms of beneficial treatment that go off save money and even lives. Each Christian scientist has the responsibility to seek morally, relig iously, and scientifically sound forms of alternative medicine as a supplement to the western medicine in our society today. Works CitedCollinge, William. 1996. The American holistic health association complete guide to alternative medicine. New York Warner Books.Inglis, Brian and Ruth West. 1983. The alternative health guide. New York Dorling Kindersley Limited.Maciocia, Giovanni. 1989. The foundations of Chinese medicine. New York Churchill Livingstone.Marti, James E. 1995. Alternative health medicine encyclopedia. Detroit Visible Ink Press.Plotkin, Mark J. 1993. Tales of a shamans apprentice. New York Penguin Books Ltd.

The Epidemic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Essay -- Post-Tr

The human brain is extremely complex, top scientists and surgeons still struggle to comprehend how it works. The mode that the brain contribute process information and help a person to problem solve is amazing, but another part of the brain can hold memories. Some are good--like a memory of a family vacation or of family holidays--but there are also frightening memories that can haunt a person until his or her death, if they befoolt get help. For a very long time researchers have focused on combatant PTSD, for very good reason, but now a problem has risen among civilians, and they have not been focused on the growth of PTSD right here in regular everyday peoples lives. Not just soldiers can be affected civilian men, women, and children can be affected by the things they see every day. It can be the paramedical that is first on the scene or it could be the child who watches a robbery goes wrong and a loved one is caught in the cross-fire. Either way these people are all just as i mportant to the american society as the soldiers. The importance of the military is massive, and yes I agree that we should help the soldiers who concentrate from PTSD, I even have my own personal connections. My uncle went to Vietnam for the Vietnam war and when he came back he was paranoid and scared of anything that reminded him of Vietnam. He like so umteen other soldiers then and now has PTSD from what he had seen while overseas. The only problem with helping the soldiers is that we dont focus on the others who also subscribe to help getting through their PTSD. There are so many research projects on how to help soldiers get through their PTSD, but their are a limited amount of PTSD research papers on the civilian side. Researchers will only focus on certain things, and pr... ... 07 Dec. 2013. Marais, Adele, et al. Domestic Violence in patients visiting general practitioners Prevalence,phenomenology and association with psychopathy. SAMJ South African Medical Journal89.6 (19 99) 635-640. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. Schwarz, Eitan D., and Janice M. Kowalski. Malignant memories PTSD in children and adults after aschool shooting. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30.6(1991) 936-944. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. Survivor Care. LOVE146. LOVE146. Web. 06 Dec. 2013.Tarrier, Nicholas, and Lynsey Gregg. Suicide risk in civilian PTSD patients. Social psychiatry andpsychiatric epidemiology 39.8 (2004) 655-661. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. The Amazing Spider-Man. Dir. Marc Webb. Perf. Andrew Garfield, Rhys Ifans, Martin Sheen, EmmaStone, Denis Leary, and wisecrack Field. Sony Pictures, 2012. DVD. 07 Dec. 2013.

The Evolution of the American Television Family Essay examples -- essa

The Evolution of the American Television Family Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of connections view concerning its families. This study foc go fors on the history of tv set beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, heathenish and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime time television. It reveals the change of the standards employed by profit television as disclosed to the American public. Finally, I will propose the question of which is the influential entity, television or the viewing audience.The Goldbergs, which was originally a wireless show, became the first popular family series. It became a weekly TV series in 1949, revealing to Americans a working class Jewish family who resided in a piddling apartment in the Bronx. The show, while warm and hu morous, confronted delicate social issues, such as sensitivity due to the Second World War. It is an excellent example of an ethnic familys status in society. A classic among classics, I Love Lucy appeared on television on October 15, 1951, (http//www.nick-at-nite.com/tvretro/shows/ilovelucy/index.tin). The series premise focused on the antics of a nonsensical wife who beguiles her easily angered husband. The series created the men-versus-women standard on television, (such as what we see between Dan and Roseanne on Roseanne today), that still predominates today. One circumstance that guide TV executives to seriously challenge the shows impending success was the use of Lucille Balls real-life Cuban husband, Desi Arnaz. The mixed-marriage status was a questionable archetype that worried the administrators. The position prevailed its episodes routinely attracted over two-thirds of the television audience. Leave it to Beaver, the definitive 1950s household comedy, focused on li fe through the eyes of an childish boy, Beaver. Beaver was a typically disorderly youngster. His brother Wally, just entering his teens, was beginning to discover the opposite sex. The family that existed between the boys and their parents, Ward and June, was impeccable. A situation never developed that damaged the kinship beyond restoration. The parents exhibited perfect attributes that no ... ..., the idea of the American family is much more realistic than that of those shows from the 1950s. The familys obnoxious baffle is the most dynamic member of the family. Married with Children was an overly exaggerated example of a problematic family. While it was a far cry from reality, the show explicit the societys opinion of its own culture in a satirical fashion. Televisions portrayal of the American family has undergone a significant shift key in the fifty years of its existence, as stated by this essay. The families seen on television today are the diametric opposite of th ose seen in the early 1950s. The relationship between the parents and the children has gone from perfect to dysfunctional. But, it is the dysfunctional relationships that are better examples of American families. Racial and ethnic lines have been crossed in the fifty years of televisions existence. If anything, television families have been teachers, showing the viewing audiences how to act and how things truly are. Blind folds, previously worn by the American people, have been taken slay and thrown away. It is societys greater appreciation for honesty that has greatly influenced television.

National Influenza Immunization Program - The Swine Flu of 1976 Essay

In 1976, due to an outbreak of influenza at Fort Dix, New Jersey, the United States set a precedent in immunology by attempting to vaccinate the entire population of the country against the possibility of a swine-type Influenza A epidemic. While a great many people were successfully immunized in a very short period of time, the National Influenza Immunization Program (NIIP) quickly became recognized as a failure, iodin reason being that the feared epidemic never surfaced at all. But this massive undertaking deserves more analysis than just a simple repudiation. For example, all demonstrate linked to the pathology, microbiology, and historical cycle of influenza and the outbreak at Fort Dix suggests that the reactions of the scientists and other personnel involved in the NIIP were correct. However, one must also allow the many complications and misjudgments that plagued the program after its initiation, from biological difficulties, logistical problems, to tensions with the media. The swine flu is a historical event that needs to be evaluated, regarding both its successes and its failures, so that lessons bear be learned for future immunization programs.While influenza, or the flu, is not commonly recognized as an extremely lethal disease, the pathology of influenza, and especially of the kind tack at Fort Dix, does suggest that an immunization program was a reasonable course to take in 1976. In the publics mind, influenza is often not seen as a specific disease, using interchangeable names for it like flu, gripe, and virus. (Silverstein 1) However, influenza is very different from an everyday low febrility or stomach flu. It is a respiratory infection, connected with a fever, coughing, and muscle aches, which often la... ...d be held responsible for not creating a more convertible program that could deal with these occurrences. The NIIP must be evaluated for its drawbacks and its successes, so that people will not just see this as an unfortunate histori cal event, but can use it to help further immunization and disease-fighting programs in the future.Works CitedThe Flu. Online. 17 Feb. 1999. Available www.ultranet.com/jkimball/BiologyPages/I/Influenza.htmlLaitlin, Elissa A. and Elise M. Pelletier. The Influenza A/New Jersey(Swine Flu) Vaccine and Guillain-Barr shrill Syndrome The Arguments for Causal Association. Drugs and Devices Line, 1997. Online. 15 Feb. 1999. Available www.hsph.harvard.edu/Organizations/ddil/swieflu.htmlSilverstein, Arthur M. Pure Politics and Impure Science The Swine Flu Affair. Baltimore and London The John Hopkins University Press, 1981.

National Influenza Immunization Program - The Swine Flu of 1976 Essay

In 1976, due to an outbreak of influenza at Fort Dix, New Jersey, the United States set a precedent in immunology by attempting to vaccinate the entire population of the country against the possibility of a swine-type Influenza A epidemic. While a great many people were successfully immunized in a very short period of time, the National Influenza Immunization Program (NIIP) quickly became recognized as a failure, unity reason being that the feared epidemic never surfaced at all. But this massive undertaking deserves more analysis than just a simple repudiation. For example, all show up linked to the pathology, microbiology, and historical cycle of influenza and the outbreak at Fort Dix suggests that the reactions of the scientists and other personnel involved in the NIIP were correct. However, one must also make love the many complications and misjudgments that plagued the program after its initiation, from biological difficulties, logistical problems, to tensions with the media. The swine flu is a historical event that needs to be evaluated, regarding both its successes and its failures, so that lessons slew be learned for future immunization programs.While influenza, or the flu, is not commonly recognized as an extremely lethal disease, the pathology of influenza, and especially of the kind open at Fort Dix, does suggest that an immunization program was a reasonable course to take in 1976. In the publics mind, influenza is often not seen as a specific disease, using interchangeable names for it like flu, gripe, and virus. (Silverstein 1) However, influenza is very different from an everyday low febrility or stomach flu. It is a respiratory infection, connected with a fever, coughing, and muscle aches, which often la... ...d be held responsible for not creating a more adjustable program that could deal with these occurrences. The NIIP must be evaluated for its drawbacks and its successes, so that people will not just see this as an unfortunate historic al event, but can use it to help further immunization and disease-fighting programs in the future.Works CitedThe Flu. Online. 17 Feb. 1999. Available www.ultranet.com/jkimball/BiologyPages/I/Influenza.htmlLaitlin, Elissa A. and Elise M. Pelletier. The Influenza A/New Jersey(Swine Flu) Vaccine and Guillain-Barr astute Syndrome The Arguments for Causal Association. Drugs and Devices Line, 1997. Online. 15 Feb. 1999. Available www.hsph.harvard.edu/Organizations/ddil/swieflu.htmlSilverstein, Arthur M. Pure Politics and Impure Science The Swine Flu Affair. Baltimore and London The John Hopkins University Press, 1981.

Homeschool vs. Public School Essay

Homeschooling has been a debated issue for years. Its been disputed as to whether homeschooling is more beneficial to a student than attending semipublic school. Although there is some profits in homeschooling a student, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages and are too detrimental to the student. Homeschooling hinders a students social development by every(prenominal)owing them to escape from the distractions and pressures of society. Taking students out of public schools precisely isolates them from society and their peers.Allowing a child to learn at home, lets them create their own schedule. By establishing a private agenda, the student gets many perks. They are allowed to sleep later and leave more free time. In all, theyll waste less time because school is all nigh them. They learn things at their speed and can thin on their educational weaknesses. Students can get more individual attention from their parents, which can provide great challenges. And without the cro wded schools, the student can have a reduced amount of distractions and avoid peer pressure due to the lack of peer interaction. Although these are all great benefits of homeschooling, they also can be detrimental to the students growth as an adult.Without a structural environment that a public school provides, students dont learn how to handle deadlines and rules. This truly can hurt these students later in life, especially in the business world. Students need to learn how to listen to authority figures, anyhow their parents. They need to be able to follow someone elses guidelines and work low pressure. Due to the lack of deadlines and stress in their homeschool environment, students have less physical exertion in handling pressure. This makes students that attended public schools more attractive to businesses. And due to the lack of interaction with their peers, homeschooled students have fewer social skills and less practice with teamwork, which definitely disables them in t he workforce.They arent used to the distractions that kids that were forced to learn in crowded high schools had to deal with. They never had to cope with peer pressure or temptations. So if they are persuaded or enticedlater in their adult life, they wont know how to handle the situation and react maturely. Even though homeschooled kids seem to have more free time, they dont have as many activities to fill up their time. This disrupts their ability to manage time and learn to work under pressure with deadlines and time limits. With everything that homeschooled kids dont get to live out, they are deprived of experiences that will better prepare them for the workforce or higher levels of education.Homeschooling really deprives students of acknowledging all the different opinions and options the real world can offer. By only encountering the opinions of ones parents, a student gets a limited amount of knowledge and varied ideas. They hardly become clones of their parents. Its noticea bly certain that each generation gets more intelligent as time progresses. My parents are amazed at what I well-educated in high school, especially in my advanced classes, because they didnt learn any of what I had until college.And although homeschooled students can benefit from a more fitted education and concentrate on their own needs, their curriculum can become too narrowed, limiting all that they could obtain. In all, by limiting the knowledge of a student to only what their parents know, how could society ever grow and develop? A student needs to learn in an environment that will adequately prepare them for the ever-growing society and free-enterprise(a) work field.Along with the elimination of peer interaction, homeschooled students are isolated from pluralistic society. Once they escape the secluded environment of their home, they arent alert to enter a greatly diverse society. Their involvement with different cultures is greatly decreased due to their lack of availabili ty to interact with students of different backgrounds on a daily basis. Homeschooling doesnt develop a students sense of community. Without any reason, or even any chance, to communicate with different types of people, homeschooled students are at a lose compared to those who attend public schools.A persons social development expands during high school when one is repeatedly surrounded by different kinds of people with different opinions, ideas, and backgrounds. Homeschooled students are not prepared for a culturally diverse society, so when shoved into the workforceor higher levels of education, they are culturally shocked that everyone isnt like them. This is yet another advantage students have that attend public schools. They are that much more ahead.All things considered, homeschooling does have some advantages to teaching and helping a student grow educationally. still it doesnt help the student grow socially or even personally for that matter. They will fall into problems in their adult lives. They wont be able to be as socially acceptable as someone who has faced problems and pressures of our economy already. Homeschooling doesnt allow students to be as prepared as others for the distractions and stresses of society. It doesnt adequately prepare students for successful futures.

Life of Pi Essay Essay

M any(prenominal) people that are religious look to God for guidance and comfort. in particular in disastrous situations. In Yann Martels novel, Life of Pi, the theme of will to survive is presented and demonstrated as having faith, letting animal instincts take over, and determination.Pi belongings his faith shows how strong his faith in God is. He discusses some Hindu symbolism to describe how insignifi stinkert he feels, then mumbled words of Muslim prayer and went back to sleep(177). Praying is a sign of hope for Pi. Pi is hoping to live through the night and he is trusting God to keep him safe. quite of being terrified, he trusts God enough that he is able to be comforted in a very vulnerable state. Describing religious rituals he practices, he says that Faith in God is an opening up, a letting go, a deep trust, a free act of revel-but sometimes it was so hard to love(208). In Pis situation it is only natural to question God and fear that no one is watching out for him.If he loses his tone then there is nonhing holding him back from just giving up and dying. Pi is afraid of dying even though he throws outdoor(a) a lifetime of vegetarianism, it does not mean that he will throw away a lifetime of faith in God. But after this, he says that his faith always remained a shining point of light in my heart(209). Even when he is contemplating the existence of God and his faith, he is determined to not lose faith and keep moving forward. His faith is what is keeping his confidence intact and not be filled with despair.The instinct of excerption and letting go of Pis moral human self shows his determination to survive. In Pis darkest moment he explains that This was the terrible cost of Richard Parker. He gave me a life, my own, but at the expense of taking one. He ripped the flesh off the mans frame and cracked his bones. The smell of blood filled my nose. Something in me died then that has never come back to life(255). Pi is not only lecture about killinga nother person, but he is talking about himself. Each time Pi took a life he was killing a piece of Pis old self. When he killed the Frenchman that is when every last(predicate) of Pis old self was killed and pure instinct took over. Pi can only bear to remember so much he can list the sensations but he does not go into the awful events effect on his psyche. This moment, more than any other in the text, seems to set an absence of God because of his hopelessness and guilt.It is also the moment where Pis life is most explicitly threatened. If Richard Parker is seen as a symbol of the pure survival instinct, this is the one moment in the text where that instinct wins out completely over morality and control. Describing the scarcity of food and water, Pi realizes of how low I had drop down the day I noticed, with a pinching of the heart, that I ate like an animal, that this noisy, frantic, unchewing wolfing-down of mine was exactly the way Richard Parker ate(225). He is starting to co nnect Richard Parker and himself. Pis subconscious makes up Richard Parker because he does not want to connect and accept responsibility for his animal-like actions. But when he starts connecting Richard Parker and himself, his is starting to realize that there is a society and that in order to survive he must act animal-like. Even though he was vegetarian, he threw it away and ate viciously because he precious to survive.Determination is key to Pis survival and is what keeps him going. Pi says, Didnt I consider here a perfect circus ring, inescapably round, without a single corner for him to hide in? . . . Wasnt this an ideal source of treats with which to condition him to obey?. Then he goes on asking if there was any reward greater than life?. This all shows how determined he is for survival. He starts showing confidence during the most chaotic and disastrous event of his life. Pi inflexible to tame Richard Parker so that he could trick him into dying first, if we had to come to that sorry business(165). This also makes Pi have a dominant attitude towards Richard Parker. By taming Richard Parker, Pi is basically saying that he is the alpha male. It makes him feel in control of his situation and himself. In the second story, Pi is talking about irresponsible his wild self. Restraining his instincts makes him seem more human. Either way, each story has determination to survive. His strong belief of God, his superior tone,the determination to live on, all support the forepart of the will to survive. People must sacrifice things in order to remain alive. For Pi it was to sacrifice his morals and vegetarianism. For others it might be something different. But for survival, people have to sacrifice something in order to exist.

“On The Rainy River” Analysis Essay

The short floor On the showery River is an integral chapter in the memoir The Things They Carried written by William Timothy OBrien. The short base is written through the perspective of OBrien in present day and as a raw serviceman faced with a draft notice for the Vietnam War. In On the Rainy River, OBrien portrays the vastness of bravery of individuals in the society through the r discoverine of symbolism, powerful t one(a), reflective point of view, narrative devices, and through the reoccurring theme of courage. In the short invention, OBrien uses symbolism to depict the religious aspect of the Rainy River, a watercourse which segregates the land of Minnesota and Canada, a divide that tested OBriens bravery to either enlist in or flee the Vietnam War. OBrien states that the Rainy River . . . separated one life from an different . . . the cold sprayed against his face . . . as they . . . passed into Canadian waters, across that dotted line between two different worlds . . . (1012). The Rainy River symbolizes the rebirth of OBrien into a new world water epitomizes the purity and renewal of a new identity.This symbol adds great significance to the anecdote because it portrays the man vs. self-conflict of OBrien he has to choose a life of fearing the U.S government in exile, or a life of hostility and bloodshed in a contendfare that he does not support. The authors use of symbolism allows the ratifier to construe the variation in OBriens point of view as he flees to the land of Canada to evade the drafting that in fear, he gains the courage and strength to return to the U.S and face the inevitable struggle. Susan Farrell communicates in The Vietnam in Me that even though the juvenility narrator believed the war was morally wrong, he was otiose to defy the traditions and expectations he had been raised with he was afraid of what people would say about him should he flee the draft, and he could not . . . leave behind everything he knew and loved. The narrator considers that he is reared to take responsibility and is expected of his family and the society to do the right thing join the war even though he does not support the battle, OBrien feels pressured by the fear of shame and embarrassment of not enlisting.Although the symbolism of the story reflects the authors self-conflict, tone also enhances the significance of the decision he has to make. OBriencreates the tone of fear in the short story he reflects on his cowardice and dreads the set of his life if he were caught. OBrien expresses that there are instances in which he is overwhelmed by fear He stays up at night envisaging macrocosm chased by the border patrol and helicopters he sweats while envisioning himself fleeing through the woods and being thrown to the ground by police. He feels dizzy with sorrow, ungodliness, and regret for parting the country and not enlisting into the war he is troubled by the lack of sleep and the sickness that consumes him. (1009) The tone is created by the vitrines personal emotions towards his life decisions and his dread upon the events that are foreseeable.The tone deepens the meaning of courage because it allows for a reflection on what could have contributed to the fear and how the characters courage would ultimately overcome it. The tone of fear supplemented to the importance of OBriens decision to escape the Vietnam War he is acting out of fearhe, was no soldier . . . he hated dirt . . . and mosquitos . . . the sight of blood made him queasy, and he . . . didnt know a rifle from a slingshot. (OBrien 1003). Bobbie Ann Mason observes that, the litany reifies the mavin of constancy the men experienced constant conditions, constant fear and apprehension, constant movement, and constant burdens (Mason). Mason recognizes that the narrators use of a long and insistent list of complaints and problems enables the reader to perceive the burden that he feels. The tone presented in this story allows for depth and apprehension that heightens the anxiety for future events.The point of view in the short story is presented in first person by using first person narration, the author is enabled to express his internal emotion throughout the story. OBrien perceives that certain blood was being shed for uncertain reasons he saw no unity of purpose, no consensus on matters of philosophy or history or law . . . facts were shrouded in uncertainty . . . was it a civil war , a war of national liberation or simple aggression (1002). OBrien expresses his personal views on the war there is no purpose for it to occur or for him to engage in the battle. Tegmark states in The Perspectives of Other Characters that there is relative importance . . . of the perspective of . . . Tim OBrien as the protagonist . . . and that of what I call primarynarration in . . .The Things They Carried. . . OBrien functions as a focalizer, constituting the main perspective from which the reader perceives the story. Tim OBrien i s the protagonist and the primary narrator he is able to contribute to the story as the main perspective which allows him to provide memories and anecdotes, thus deepening the plot.The first person account gives the narrative credibility because the protagonist is telling the story he can recall last(prenominal) events that relate to the occurrence or contemplate on what may ensue next. The narrator experienced the delirious battle and fall back to Canada first-hand in turn, this interesting relationship gives the reader a direct account of the topic. OBrien writes that he felt something break open in his chest . . . but it was real, he knows that much, it was a sensible rupture- a cracking-leaking-popping feeling (1006). OBrien speaks directly to the reader presenting the reader an emotional perception. His narration provides a contemplative and insightful voice while relating events that have happened he describes what is learned from the experience and how it has affected his life. The use of flashbacks is prominent throughout the short story OBrien switches between the past and present tense throughout the story to narrate his memoir.By using flashbacks, shifts and reflective moments are created. OBrien states that he remembers that when walking out of his house in the year 1968 to leave for Canada, he cautiously observed all of his familiar possessions that he would leave behind, including his life (1006). This scene reveals the use of flashback and enhances the meaning of his separation from the life he had known he feels expressively attached to his home country. This man vs. self-conflict of whether to stay or go lingers when he sees the chrome toaster, the telephone, and the bright sunshine that sparkled in the room. OBrien uses recollections throughout the story to coordinated former events that contribute meaning and sentiment. Susan Farrell states that the short story alternates between present-day narration and the scenes that take place duri ng 1968 . . . the flashbacks . . . explain how OBrien arrived at his present circumstances.The author uses flashbacks throughout the story to allow the reader to visualize the shifts in his voice and the change in his views between the past and the present. OBrien creates pathos towards the protagonist by expressing the problematicalships of his decision of leaving his lifein the United States for a life of hiding in Canada. OBrien mentions remembering . . . self-pity . . . driving aimlessly around town . . . feeling sorry for himself . . . paralyzed . . . feeling guilt and sorrow (1003-4). OBrien references his emotional pressure to gain the readers sympathy by stating and so he sat in the bow of the boat and cried . . . it was loud now . . . loud, hard crying (1016). He provides his audience the capability to commiserate by giving the reader a view into his distressed core.Werlock states that OBrien was . . . faced with a choice and imagining a host of people, real and imaginary, on both shores encouraging him one way or the other, the fear of shame holds him back from jumping overboard and swimming to Canada . . . OBrien cries in the boat over his future . . . The reader sympathizes with the protagonist because he is afraid of what people might think of him the reader is placed in his home and realizes that OBrien is in a painful position.OBrien presents the themes of courage and cowardice throughout the short story. OBrien states that it was a kind of schizophrenia . . . a moral dispel . . . he couldnt make up his mind . . . he feared the war . . . exile . . . walking away from his whole history. . . losing the respect of his parents . . . the law. . . ridicule and censure (1005). Bloom states that when the narrator writes, This is one story Ive never told before, it suggests that readers come to learn that the narrators reluctance may stem from what he perceives as revealing weakness his emotional breakdown, his lack of courage actually to desert, and a fear of his family and friends learning of his weakness. OBrien portrays the theme of courage and cowardice to reflect on his decision to either reckon or flee the Vietnam War.He was split between choosing a life of war or fear. Because of his fear of shame and humiliation of his friends and family, cowardice consumes him and he is unable to will himself across the Rainy River into Canada. His cowardice is a vital part of the story because it conjures internal conflict, hallucinations, fear, pathos, and emotion throughout the story. The theme of shame is existent throughout the short story. In the beginning of the narrative, OBrien reveals that he has never told this story before because of the shame and embarrassment that he would have felt if he had. OBrien states what it came down to, stupidly, was asense of shame , hot, stupid shame . . . he was ashamed of his conscience . . . of doing the right thing (1009-10). OBrien dreads the indignity and humiliation of his friends, fami ly, and people of great importance if he does not enlist into the warHe states that when he visualizes people of relativity and of importance on the sides of the river urging him toward one shore or the other he feels himself redden. He could not risk the disdain, ignominy, or derision and that he would go to war because he was ashamed not to. (1016) Werlock avers that when Berdahl takes OBrien fishing on the Rainy River, . . . he is confronted with the decision between one life or the other . . . the fear of shame holds him back. The importance of the role of shame develops throughout the story it is the motivating factor that prevents OBrien from leaving to Canada. Shame held him back because he did not want his family to feel that he was a raised to become a coward. The author uses shame to enhance the emotional depth of the story the shame compels the reader to recognize the struggle of his situation.In the end, OBrien overcomes the barrier of shame and acquires the courage to r eturn to the United States to fight in the Vietnam War. In the short story On the Rainy River, William Timothy OBrien explores the importance of courage and shame when he evades his draft notice for the Vietnam War by fleeing to Canada. Throughout the story, the reader gains a sense of emotional perspective for what draftees distress and anticipate through OBriens use of symbolism, tone, point of view, flashback, and the themes of courage and shame. OBriens decision to be reborn into a new world is reflectively symbolized by the Rainy River and a penetrating tone of fear provides apprehension and unease upon the reader. The use of the first person point of view and the narrative devices of flashbacks and pathos allows OBrien to recall the past and to provide emotion. OBrien overcomes his fear of shame which ultimately enables him to gain his courage and fight in the Vietnam War.Works CitedBloom, Harold, ed. The Things They Carried. The Things They Carried, Blooms Guides. Philadelphi a Chelsea House Publishing, 2004. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. Farrell, Susan. OBrien, Tim. Critical Companion to Tim OBrien A Literary Reference toHis Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York Facts On File, Inc., 2011. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 28 Sept. 2014 Farrell, Susan. The Vietnam in Me. Critical Companion to Tim OBrien A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York Facts On File, Inc., 2011. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. OBrien, Tim. On The Rainy River. Literature Grade 10. Ed. Janet Allen. Evanston Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2010. 999-1016. Print. Tegmark, Mats. The Perspectives of Other Characters. In the Shoes of a Soldier Communication in Tim OBriens Vietnam Narratives (Uppsala University, 1998) pp. 24571. Quoted as The Perspectives of Other Characters in Bloom, Harold, ed. The Things They Carried, Blooms Modern Critical Interpretations. New York Che lsea House Publishing, 2011. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 27 Sept. 2014. Werlock, Abby H. P. On the Rainy River. The Facts On File Companion to the American Short Story, Second Edition. New York Facts On File, Inc., 2009.Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 27 Sept. 2014.

Bottled Water or Tap Water? Essay

There be articles, flyers, and even books out in the market that try to persuade people to all use bottled peeing or bug irrigate. While m any(prenominal) believe that tap weewee is more beneficial to the body, others believe that the convenience and advertising of purified bottled wet is acceptable replete for themselves. As we consume peeing, we concern ourselves with issues such as if it is harmful to the environment, if it is harmful to our health and whether the product is convenient for us. Ultimately, the choice is personal because both sides provide pros and cons to these issues.In our world, pollution is a common factor to the deterioration this planet is facing. wet bottles, when not disposed of properly, lead to pollution. In an online article entitled, Tap water vs. Bottled pissing and the Environment, it states, nearly 90% of bottles are not recycled. (Karlstrom and DellAmore) The failure to recycle leads to serious issues in our environment. Who is to blame for the shortcomings of recycling? We all are. As citizens of America, we have a responsibility to recycle as soon as the bottle is in our possession. Even when transporting bottled water for production and sale, a significant amount of fossil fuels and carbon copy dioxide is produced causing much fuel usage.Although bottled water should not be blamed for all of the earths environmental issues, there is quite a crisp of damage it has caused already and this should be a caveat for water bottle drinkers. On another side, tap water does not need the production of bottles so fossil fuels would not be utilized as much. The article explains that the environment would be 17.6 million barrels of oil richer if people consumed tap water everyplace bottled water. (Karlstrom and DellAmore). Tap water could be consumed in washable glasses preventing the disposal of trash to end up on the landfills. Tap water is in like manner used for other reasons besides drinking, for example plants are wa tered with tap water and this in turn helps the environments ecosystem.As consumers of any pillowcase of water, a main priority would be the health risks and the benefits that come along with drinking water. First and foremost, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), regulates bottled water. When theFDA regulates water, they go through the play of making sure that water meets the adequate standards for the safety of the customers (Olson). Bottled water must be tested for coliform once a week in order to suffer cleanliness. It is very reassuring to know that if any type of bottled water contamination is found it will be recalled or properly cleansed again. Even though bottled water is being modulate periodically, it isnt always as safe as the bottled water companies make it seem. In an online article entitled, The Big Secret Commercial Water Companies Hope You Never Discover, it states, 40 percent of bottled water is regular tap water, which may or may not have received any addit ional treatment. (Mercola). As far as the bottle itself being of any benefit to the product, it isnt. Plastic bottles contain chemicals that can become harmful to humans who apply the plastic bottle.Polyethylene terephthalate is already adapted into the container, however, if it is reused you are more likely to ingest different chemicals, such as, DEHA (Bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate), a human carcinogen, and BBP (enzyl plainlyyl phthalate), a potential ductless gland disputer. (Kelly). While some choose to reuse their plastic bottles, others stay on the less risky side and use tap water to benefit their health. During the disinfecting of tap water, chlorine is used, as well as fluoride for the consumers dental benefits. In 1974, The Safe Drinking Water Act was enforced, establishing that any type of tap water, had to have been regulated by the EPA. (Olson). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enforces the regulation for tap water. While most tap water is regulated and healthy for the population to drink, there are many underlining factors that can put a damper on the EPAs regulation system.For instance, hospitals are enforced to dispose of unused medication by either throwing them down the drain or flushing them down the toilet. According to an online article entitled, Hospital Drugs Routinely get Flushed Down Drains where they Pollute Water Systems, gives us an whim of the severity of contamination that drugs are doing to our water pipelines. Water treatment plants rarely filter or screen for the presence of these drugs, but several studies have observe a vast range of meds in open water systems, including antibiotics, anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers, sex hormones, painkillers, and high blood pressure medicine, among many others. (Wilson). These types of medications can be unsafe to unintentionally consume. Also of concern,the EPAs allowance of lead for tap water is a lot higher than for bottled water due to the lead pipes that transport the water to homes. Tap water lead levels are set at 15 ppb and bottled water is set at 5 ppb. (The 3 Rs)Ultimately, in like a shots society, convenience usually prevails when busy people need to make a choice about water. When people think of the easy choice, they think of bottled water. Bottled water is already refrigerated and convenient to grab on the way out. Bottled water is suitable and appealing to us. Unfortunately, the appealing label of bottled water is not as artless as its convenience provides. As previously stated, 40 percent of normal bottled water is just tap water. So when bottled water has a label describing it as water fresh from mountain waterfalls, it is possibly false advertising. As for the convenience of tap water, it may take some work to make it convenience but it is possible. When pouring tap water, the water is not as chilled as refrigerated bottled water. Tap water would take the process of getting cups that would have to be modify up and then if you were to t ake it to go, you would have to carry that bottle around, unlike bottled water, which you can dispose of in any trashcan.Most people when choosing tap or bottled water do so without much thought or education. There are many pros and cons to both choices. To choose bottled water or tap water can be daunting for one who has done research in the matter. There are ways to be confident in drinking water one must just find a way that is best for them. The information provided above gives the public the tools to make the choice. In the end it is up to the public to choose what is the right choice to make. Choose wisely.

Network Security Essay

The theme which encompasses the electronic network answer and security considerations is a major consideration for your company. Considering that the company will be expanding from one (1) floor to three (3) floors in the very near future you, as the CIO, are responsible for the design of the infrastructure and security protocols. You have been tasked with innovation a network that is stable, redundant, and scalable. In addition, speed and reliability are important considerations.Assumptions should be drawn regarding network usage in relationship to network service and resources. All the established criteria that were set at the onset should be adhered to within your plan. The network solution that is chosen should support the conceived data system and allow for scalability. The network infrastructure will support organizational operations therefore, a pictorial view of workstations, servers, routers, bridges, gateways, and access points should be used. In addition, access paths for Internet access should be depicted. Additionally, the security of the network should be in the forefront of your design because protecting your data is a primary consideration.Section 1 Infrastructure Document 1. bring out a four to six (4-6) rapscallion infrastructure document in which you a. Justify and support the relationship between infrastructure and security as it relates to this data-collection and analytic thinking company. b. Present the rationale for the logical and physical topographical layout of the planned network. c. Design a logical and physical topographical layout of the current and planned network by dint of the use of graphical tools in Microsoft Word or Visio, or an open source alternative such as Dia. Note The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length. d. Illustrate the possible placement of servers including access paths to the Internet, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and firewalls.Note Facility limitations, workst ations, databases, printers, routers, switches, bridges, and access points should be considered in the illustration. e. Create and describe a comprehensive security policy for this data-collection and analysis company that will i. Protect the company infrastructure and assets by applying the principals of confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility (CIA). Note CIA is a widely used benchmark for evaluation of information systems security, focusing on the three (3) core goals of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. ii. Address ethical aspects related to to employee behavior, contractors, password usage, and access to networked resources and information.Section 1 of your assignment must follow these formatting requirements * Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman fount (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. * Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the disciples name, the professors name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. * Include charts or diagrams created in MS Visio or Dia as an appendix of the infrastructure document. All references to these diagrams must be included in the body of the infrastructure document.Section 2 Revised Project Plan Use Microsoft Project to 2. Update the project plan from with three to five (3-5) new project tasks each(prenominal) consisting of five to ten (5-10) sub-tasks.The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are * Develop information systems-related activities to maximize the business value within and outside the organization. * prove an understanding of existing and emerging information technologies, the functions of IS, and its impact on the organizational operations. * Evaluate the issues and challenges associated w ith information systems integration. * Use technology and information resources to research issues in information systems. * Write clearly and concisely about strategic issues and practices in the information systems domain using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.

Canadian International School and Asia Essay

There are certain things in life that are taken for granted. Some the great unwashed would feel contented with what they have, while others would have a bigger yearning to bring about someone. Sometimes, what we yearn for in life becomes the very core of our existence, making us hardworking and persevering. My high school was spent in Asia, where I was open to numerous realities. I graduated from the Canadian International School and Asia, and I mustiness say that I was provided with the necessary knowledge in order to become prepared for the real world.Eventually, I was given the opportunity to study at the pass water OF UNIVERSITY. The short time I spent there was enough for me to become equipped with the necessary knowledge that would allow me to follow my dreams. However, I believe that I would be able to spread my wings further if I studied at the NAME OF UNIVERSITY in Vancouver, Canada. For this, I am showing my interest in victorious up NAME OF DEGREE from your university .Studying at the NAME OF UNVIERSITY would not come as a challenge, for I have been previously exposed to the Canadian way of teaching. In this regard, I would not have much difficulty adjusting to the culture, and instead become more proficient in class. I would become more comfortable with my environment, at the same time be able to express myself further in the best possible way that I can. As mentioned earlier, it is my belief that your university would become one of my keystones in achieving my goals in life.Although some would opt to think that the success of an individual is not based on the school, I pink to disagree. Some of the important factors to be learned in life are based on the foundation that institutions have inculcated in their students. Since I have been a product of a Canadian institution in high school, I wish to strengthen my knowledge and beliefs further with your help. Life is always about taking risks these are the choices that we make in order to fulfill our dreams.

Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak Essay

The story entitled Pigeons at Daybreak by Anita Desai of India is a representation of love and acceptance. Mr. Basu is the man who is futile to perform his task on his own because of the different illnesses that developed into his body. Otima, the wife of Mr. Basu has the selfless love towards him. She takes care of her husband despite of all the problems and complications that emerged in their situation. Otima utilise to read the newspaper for Mr. Basu. Because Mr. Basu could not able to read the newspaper referable to poor eyesight, Otima produced deeper patience and love for her husband. From the clock time when their house had no electricity due to electric problems, the two went to the terrace and decided to stay there until the electricity comes back but when the electricity went back, Mr. Basu refused to go back inside the house for it was the time of preparation of leaving. Mr. Basu accepted the fact that his sustenance will soon vanish and become part of heaven. The pig eons in the terrace where Mr. Basu died symbolize his spirit and his journey in the next life. The story is simple yet attackable. Its tragic situation brought life to the whole story. Then, with a swirl and flutter of feathers, a flock of pigeons hurtled upwards and dispense out against the dome of the sky opalescent, sunlit, like small pearls (Desai 228). This ending part of the story compressed the entire claim of the story. It means that the ending of the story signifies life as its wondrous creation but soon will end because every one of us will leave the world in strike and a new journey will begin.ReferenceDesai, A. (date). Pigeons at Daybreak. pp.220-228

Virtual Work

1. Introduction Recent years have witnessed an incredible teaching of information technology and the construction of traditional treat environment is changing. The emergency of practical(prenominal) excogitate has been reflected in just about companies new written report policy. For example, Jetblue Airlines has changed its move arounding conditions and established a realistic call centre where employees mass locomote from dwelling house without a central piazza. disdain the technology advancement that enables practical(prenominal) functional, the amount of peck scoop outing this new expireing contour is still very wiped out(p).This report will explore the nature of practical(prenominal)(prenominal) kick the bucket and analyse the barriers of adopting this nominate policy, as well as give suggestions on how to keep down these barriers. 2. Nature of realistic(prenominal) represent virtual(prenominal) boldness, by definition, is a principle of management th at has been used in a mixture of applications, including virtual memory, virtual reality, virtual classrooms, virtual squads, and virtual sides (Mowshowitz, 2002). Unlike traditional musical arrangements, the virtual organization itself has no need for forcible representation.Its output, however, might influence the physical world directly, such(prenominal) as the direct buying or merchandising of stocks, or indirectly, such as providing decision support for a kind-hearted agent in a traditional organization. realistic offices, as well known as virtual plying(a), allow employees to operate in dynamically changing work environment. virtual(prenominal) working as use of the virtual organization foundation be defined as the use of confabulations networks rather than constructions and physical assets, meaning that the physical location of work is now less important (Pang, 2001). As the result, departments and teams no farsighteder have to work in scrawny contact with each other.The common denominator for all virtual workers is that they communicate and perform work duties almost only when through electronic technology, such as instant messaging, blogs and social networking. Employees in this situation, need a real level of self-control ability, andvery often need to structure the environment and administrations they use to perform a variety of tasks, for example, getting familiar with unalike types of communication softw ar. 3. Advantages of virtual work 3. 1 For companies 3. 1. 1 Less woo practical(prenominal) work enables a company to reduce costs in renting, travelling and labor salary.Telecommuting allows heap to work from home or anywhere they want instead of staying in an office and thus service of processs an organisation to reduce expenditure in renting the edifice (Tomic, nd). Also, no office means that the company does non have to hire cleaners or other labors and pay their salary. Additionally, companies sens reduce the travel expenses as geographical outdo in virtual organization is no longer an obstacle to hold meetings and conferences. Virtual workers house communicate through the internet instead of going to other places to observe and study. 3. . 2 increase effectiveness Companies that implement virtual work policy ignore increase effectiveness because employees can bear on the time of commuting to work. Better communication, fewer distractions, better concentration and less traveling time collapse to the increased 15-50% productivity in a virtual organization (Tomic, nd). Employees can also improve work quality cod to to a greater extent strategic use of work time and less disruption. 3. 2 For employees 3. 2. 1 Less stress Virtual working non only eases their traffic chores, scarce also relieves employees office pressure.Most employees worry about their privacy and do non encounter comfortable in office. By working from home or other places employees no longer have to deal with office po litics and office gossip (Anderson, 2012). Also, virtual workers do not have to rush bus and metro during the peak hours. By working from home, employees can have more time dealing with work in a restful environment, which is beneficial for their mental health. 3. 2. 2 Improved work-life balance Working from home gives employees the opportunity to balance their work and life. Telecommuters have more flexible work hours and ar able to manage their own time.They do not have work in an office from 9am to 5pm every day and they can do anything they want as long as the work can be finished as planned. For example, they can go obtain and argon able to respond to phone calls from their family (Anderson, 2012). Also, when the work is done, remote workers can clean the house, communicate with family members, and meet care of their children which are beneficial for improving family life. Furthermore, if employees want to better equip their knowledge, they have the ability to go to school without affecting normal work. 3. For society Adopting telecommuting brings benefits to the society. Working from home eases the traffic pressure. Remote workers do not need to commute to work, therefore, there is less air pollution and fewer traffic problems. Also, virtual working bring outs more business opportunities for large number in suburbs and rural areas because it is not restricted by region. 4. why virtual working is still not universal Innovative study strategies that efficiently leverage human capital are becoming increasingly valuable in todays economic environment (Thompson and Caputo, 2009).Some organizations have long employed virtual work arrangements as a tool to recruit and defend key employees. Despite the technological capabilities that enable lower operating expense and offer employees greater work flexibility, organizations that adopt the virtual work policy and the amount of workers working virtually is still very low. The problem can be analysed from tw o aspects companies and employees. 4. 1 For companies As companys major goal is to maximise profit in each activity, virtual working enables lower operating expense.Adopting the virtual working flak for organization seems the most tendency option. However, introductory on companys strategy and structure, in some case, virtual working would more like to be the obstacle for its development. The communication issues are not always technical in nature, barely related to human factors. Members in a virtual team would face the misunderstood messages, thereby resulting in inefficiencies (Pang, 2001). More importantly, as there might be different security information protection in employees network, the risk of leakage of information will be increased. placemental restructuring resulting in an increase in virtual workers and decrease in on-site employees can yield cost nest egg (Pang, 2001). However, having a human capital management strategy for newly transitioned virtual workers wou ld cost an amount of gold for preparedness. Controlling and monitoring off-site employees become essential. For organization restructure, large amount of money would be invested for keep the restructuring. That would be the difficult for company to adopt the virtual working. 4. 2 For employeesDespite the conveniences of telecommuting, the potential downsides of the virtual workplace often go overlooked (Heidrick, 2011). Employees who work outside the office, feels isolated from coworker. In some cases, these employees start to feel disconnected from company culture and come to believe they are less respected in their organizations than their colleagues who work together in person. An organizations ability to flexible depends on employees commitment to the organization, their motivation to file with it. Respect ensured that employees are up to the challenge.Most employees generally feel respected when passenger vehicles and coworkers hold them up to the same standards as everyo ne else at the organization. As employee feels isolated and disrespected while working by telecommuting, an organization that adopted the virtual working approach will most potential turn into less efficiency. 5. Barriers to virtual working 5. 1 For companies 5. 1. 1 Technical issues Increased data security concerns One of the biggest barriers for companies implementing virtual work policy is the concern for data security. Virtual work needs technical support, which creates safety hazard potential nowadays.Due to the fact that multiple clients are in a web-based architecture, there are many points of possible intrusion into the centralized applications and data sources of an organization (Pang,nd). When a company retention e-conference to settle important decisions or transfer confidential documents, hackers who have posterior motives whitethorn filch the core strategy or information of the company by attacking system vulnerability. 5. 1. 2 Managerial issues Controlling and monit oring difficulties Controlling and monitoring telecommuters work is the most difficult branch in managing a virtual organisation.Lipnack and Stamps (1997) stated that managing a successful virtual company requires 90% people and 10% technology. Productivity can be reduced without controlling and monitoring system because some employees are not self-disciplined and can be interrupted by an overabundance of distractions around the home (Hortensia, 2008). on that point are also some critical situations where managers are not able to contact subordinates and make sanative measures timely. Employee incentive difficulties High productivity of a company will largely depend on close employee incentive.However, in a virtual organization which has inefficient measuring methods to evaluate employees contribution, the manager may not detect potentials of different employees. Employee incentive is often overlooked in virtual organizations (Liu, 2004). Therefore, companies need to right their internal performance assessment and salary system, and spend a lot of time establishing a perfect(a) system for training and motivating employees. 5. 1. 3 Communication issues As virtual team members are normally in different area or even different time zones, communication can be a big issue. Lack of trustThe lack of face-to-face interaction of remote workers can lead to difficulties in building trust. Virtual work is based on Computer-Mediated Communication, which is different from the communication type that traditional work has. When communicating face-to-face, the speaker can use visual cues from the audience to gain immediate feedback quickly and make necessary rapid adjustments (Storper et al, 2004). Visual cues and social existence in face-to-face dialogue also foster team members to know background, skills, experiences, and areas of expertise of each other (Rosen et al, 2007).The traditional communication pattern can help people build trust within groups, but remote wor kers can find it difficult to obtain this. Additionally, virtual organizations are usually short termed. Employees may feel that the team will break up when the task is finished, and they do not feel their membership in the organization. Mayo George Elton pointed that employees need sincere inter-personal relationship, and also need feel being cared by the organization, the satisfactory feeling of being cared by the employer is very stabilizing to improve work productivity.Lack of trust in virtual organizations may cause low motivation and low productivity. Cultural barriers and limited knowledge/ experience sacramental manduction Virtual workers are usually separated by geography, which restricts knowledge or experience manduction opportunities by working together. Also, cultural barrier exists and is adverse to good teamwork in a virtual organisation. Members of a virtual team sometimes come from different countries. Virtual works go against the transfer of tacit knowledge, o r knowledge that is not written or definable, but are gained through experience (Griffith et al, 2003).It is clear that many of the behaviors of a good teamwork are culturally rooted. For example, in some cultures, sharing information is both a manifestation of power and a way of building relationships. In other cultures a number of information sharing take place in off-line settings, which are limited in the virtual work environment. Furthermore, direct communicators who are low-context focus on sharing just the facts, which will leave high-context communicators feeling under informed. 5. 2For employees 5. 2. 1 Reduction in chances of promotionAt an organizational level, virtual employees efforts may not be recognized and valued and therefore chances of promotion in career are far less than traditional office counterparts. Adams(2012) noted researchers finding that managers are 25% more likely to attribute the traits attached and dedicated to people who logged extra hours in the of fice instead of those who work remotely. As a result, employees are not willing to work from home, holding the belief that managers consider them less committed to their task, and give them less career support.Employees desire for organizational identification is not necessarily satisfied due to negligible mentoring from supervisors and the lack of opportunities for exploitation relationship with crucial person in the workplace. To conclude, working from home distance employees from their manager, and leave them with less support and direction than on-site workers may get, thus reduce the chances of career advancement. 5. 2. 2 Social and professional isolation Perception of isolation from the group is one of the major concerns for employees who work from home.When employees are isolated in remote workplaces, the physical distance can diminish their opportunities for interacting and communicating with colleagues, further rhytidectomy their perception of being separated. Marshall et al (2007), cited in Buss (1996) found that humans have long perceived physical and social separation from the group as negative, for the reason that isolation means deficiency of support and protection, which are critical for survival. The unavailability of networking, gaining support and recognition from co-workers creates peoples consciousness of not being part of the group and sense of loneliness. . Overcome barriers of adopting virtual work The barriers of adopting virtual work can be overcome by utilizing online communication techniques, conducting prior training and holding regular meetings etc. Virtual teams have to develop the better way for communicating, trust between each other and knowledge sharing in the electronic space. Developing a team culture and common procedures are essential for the development of credibility and trust among virtual team members in a virtual environment. (Raghuram, et al, 2001). Utilize online communication techniquesVirtual employees often ne ed to share work-in-progress with others, which may require advance technologies to support. As a result, virtual team can work more effectively by using online communication techniques. Microsoft is the worlds largest software shaping machine has developed some software that can be very useful collaboration tools for managing the virtual team, such as instant messaging, live meeting and Outlook (Courtois, 2012). By using collaboration software, virtual employee can check coworkers status to see whether they are available to chat online.Manager can held web-based staff meeting, make a shared calendar, and cloud computing that everyone can edit and see any changes instantly (The Observer, nd). Prior training Prior training or experience is positively associated with virtual work efficacy. Organisations should implement adequate training programs in order of magnitude to provide better understanding of telecommuting for both virtual employees and their managers. Caudron(1992) sugges ted that training activities can include dealing with interruptions by family members and friends, communications with virtual co-workers etc.Hiring the right people can be facilitative for the virtual organisation, like someone can be productive in an isolated environment but is wise enough to maintain connections with other outside communities. Managers should always be open to the comments of employees and give validatory mentoring. Hold regular meetings In order to better manage remote employees, ensure efficient communication and information sharing, holding regular meetings is important. All employees should be included in all team meetings. During these meetings, manager should provide the perception of how things are progressing.This type of meeting is especially valuable in a virtual work environment, as there are fewer opportunities for interpersonal communication. Also, managers can organize employee retreats once a year so that virtual and traditional employees can int eract with one another, to share information and to create a sense of unity and teamwork. These can reduces employees loneliness and make them feel a part of the team. Reward virtual employees desirable behavior in ways that are meaningful to them (Deannamaio, nd). Manager can simply reward extra holiday time off for employees who work hard.Benefit from the reward policy, employee would feel more motivating in their job. 7. Future of virtual work Today only a small counterbalance of virtual teams have reached a level of performance that goes beyond what the individuals concerned could achieve independently (Benson et al, 1997). Despite difficulties in implementing virtual work, the overall trend for future is the increase of telecommuting. Development of technology is helping organisations to adopt a virtual work policy, and employee expectations will change towards a more flexible working environment. IBM has proclaimed Virtual Desktop for Smart Business.The new workforce mobilit y provided anytime, anywhere access to personal desktops from mobile devices including tablets, netbooks and laptops (Khalil, 2011). With the operative development of technology nowadays, more and more firms will adopt the virtual working in order to gain competitive advantage worldwide. 8. Conclusion Virtual work as a new pattern of work is exposing invaluable potential advantages to organisations, employees and the society as a whole. As information technology is developing at an incredible speed, some organisations have already evolutionisedtheir traditional office work pattern to virtual working.However, teleworking is still not universal despite the technology capabilities that enable people to work from home or remote offices. The barriers of adopting virtual work can arise from both companies and employees considerations. Companies will face a lot of difficulties such as technical, managerial and communication issues. Employees are also not willing to work from home due to their fear of being isolated and reduced promotion opportunities. In order to overcome these barriers, there are some practical solutions such as utilizing online communication techniques, prior training and holding regular meetings.Therefore, the future of virtual work is promising, and there will be an increasing number of people who change their professional roles from traditional office workers to telecommuters. Bibliography Adams, S 2012. Why Working At Home Could lose Your Career, Forbes. Com, p. 39, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 December 2012. Anderson,A. (2012). DemandMedia. AdvantagesofTelecommutingJobs. onlineuseablefromhttp//smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-telecommuting-jobs-765. htmlcited28Nov2012 Bullock, C. (2011). Virtual Work Environments in the Post Recession Era.Brandman University. obtainable at http//www. brandman. edu/pdf/virtual_teams_brandman_forrester_white_paper. pdf. Access in 2 December, 2012. Buss, D. M. (1996). The evolutionary ps ychology of human social strategies. In E. T. Higgins& A. W. Kruglanski (Eds. ), Social psychology Handbook of basic principles(pp. 3-28). New York Guiford Press. Courtois, J. (2012). Microsofts new world of work is all about people. functional at http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-17064032. Access in 3 December, 2012. Deannamaio (nd). Managing and Motivating Virtual Employees. 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VirtualnessandknowledgeinteamsManagingthelovetriangleoforganizations,individuals,andinformationtechnology. MISQuarterly,27(2),265-287 Peng,L. (nd). UnderstandingVirtualOrganizations.ISACA. Journal. onlineAvailablefromhttp//www. isaca. org/Journal/Past-Issues/2001/Volume-6/Pages/Understanding-Virtual-Organizations. aspxcited20Nov2012 Hurd, Brian M. (2011). Virtually in use(p) the effect of a virtual work environment on task engagement, its antecedents, and consequences. Colorado State University. Libraries. Available at http//digitool. library. colostate. edu/R/? func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=129655&local_base=GEN01. Access in 1 December , 2012. Khalil, L. (2011). IBM offers virtual desktop solution for workers on the go. Available at http//www. igitaltrends. com/computing/ibm-offer-virtual-desktop-solution-for-workers-on-the-go/. Access 5December 2012. Lipnack, J. and J. Stamps. (1997). Virtual Teams Reaching Across Space, Time, and Organizations with Technology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Marshall, G, Michaels, C, &Mulki, J 2007, oeuvre isolation Exploring the construct and its measurement, Psychology & Marketing, 24, 3, pp. 195-223, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 26 November 2012. Marshall, M (nd). 3 key to building trust between managers and employees. Available at http//www. eliableplant. com/Read/27611/Build-trust-managers-employees. Access in 5 December, 2012. Mowshowitz, A. (2002) Virtual Organization Toward a Theory of Societal Transformation Stimulated by Information Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. Page 24 25 Pang, L. (2001). Understanding Virtual Organizations. Available at http//www . isaca. org/Journal/Past-Issues/2001/Volume-6/Pages/Understanding-Virtual-Organizations. aspx. Accessed 28 November 2012. Panteli, N and Dibben, M. (2001) Revisiting the nature of virtual organizations reflections on mobile communication systems.Futures, 33(5). Page 379 391 Panteli, N. and Dibben, M. R. (2001) Revisiting the nature of virtual organizations reflections on mobile communication systems. Futures, 33(5). Page 379 391 Pinola, M. (nd). Stress Management for Mobile Professionals and Telecommuters 5 challenges remote workers face& how to reduce the stress they cause. Available at http//mobileoffice. about. com/od/tipsfortelecommuting/tp/stress-management-for-telecommuters-and-mobile-professionals. htm. Accessed 2 December 2012. Raghuram, S and Garud, R and Wiesenfeld, B and Gupta, V (2001). Factors contributing to virtual work adjustment. Journal of Management 27 (2001) 383405 Rosen, B. Furst, S. Blackburn, R. (2007). Overcoming barriers to knowledge sharing in virtual t eams. organisational Dynamics, 36(3), 259-273. Storper, M. Venables, A. J. (2004). Buzz Face-to-face contact and the urban economy. 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Relative Importance of Economic, Social, Cultural and Moral Considerations

Discuss the relative importance of economic, companionable, cultural and virtuous considerations rudimentary Canadas migration policy. Canada is the worlds second largest surface area, with a population of 33 million. It is a rich resource base for industry with fertile soil, plentiful power supplies, well developed modern industries and a highly urbanised population. approximately 70% of Canadas workforce growth comes from immigration and currently one in five Canadian workers are foreign born.Canadas establishment and economic growth are directly attri hardlyable to immigration, but the country has always operated a highly selective system with policies changing due to the economic, social, cultural and moral adopts of the country at that time. Between 1870 and 1918 was known as the Open Door policy. The main need at this moment in time was economic and for infrastructure development, especially a rail network. In the west of Canada the main industry was agriculture and the E ast was mainly manufacturing. A rail network was accordingly essential to link the two and create an integrated economy.This confront was called Open Door because there was no restriction on numbers into the country, but there was some cultural considerations underlying this policy as well. The migrants sought were almost exclusively from the USA, UK, NW Europe to reflect Canadas customs and ideals. Therefore, the government could reserve racial composition of migrants. From 1919-1929 immigration became more selective and the main focus underlying the migration policy was social. likely migrants had to pass a literacy test. Migrants were separated into those from preferred, such as from the U.K and were given financial assistance, and non preferred countries. Non-preferred countries include Russia. Immigrants from here were only admitted in times of need for the lowest-paid jobs, and there were still restrictions. This shows further cultural considerations in the policy. The non -preferred list also had a non-acceptable category which included visible minorities (e. g Chinese, who worked for the rail companies). The Exclusion present in 1923 prevented Chinese immigrants bringing family members with them. This is a big example of the cultural considerations being used to swap the policies.Unemployment rose significantly between 1930 and 1945 (The Great Depression). All migration was suspended, except under the family reunion category. The next stage between 1946 and 1960 had the aims of increasing in-migration and both cultural and moral considerations were major parts of the policies created. The immigration spell of 1952 reflected the ethnically selective nature of the Canadian Immigration. Groups could be refused entry on grounds of nationality, citizenship, ethnic group, occupation, class, anomalous customs etc. After many years of racist undertones in policies there was a turning point between 1960 and 1986.An immigration act in 1967 sought to enri ch and strengthen the cultural and social fabric of Canada. Attention switched to the skills of the migrant rather than the country of origin. This showed a switch from cultural and moral considerations in the policy to social. Preferred and non-preferred countries were abandoned for a points system which was much fairer. From 1986 to 1993, economic was the main consideration underlying the economic policies. Migration was now seen as a long term demographic solution due to a changing population. In more recent years the points system has been modified with moral considerations for everyone.

Developing the management skills

Irrespective of the cadre one is employed in, a downcast look with one another, at all times is essential to not to give rise to appearance problems which in turn require an exercise of motif tool by the management. However, problems set to arise when polar mindsets come together for the purpose of work and solutions are always available for every problem of behavior in an organization. Appreciably EL, a professional organization, has appointed a consultant, an outsider to analyze the behavior of its employees to alter a crystal clear picture of employees behavioral and motivational problem.EL behavioral and motivational guidelines are excellent in setting a pattern of standards for employees. As it appears, engineers who form 88 per cent, are predominantly of import for the operations whereas on this basis, the other employees are in some ways are encountering behavioral problems with engineers. at that place are no weaknesses for EL whereas the company has the ability to m anage people well except to the fact that complete decision making is under the guidance of companys President.As for the President of EL, the high precession task would be to allow an open discussion forum of both engineers and administrative employees and consider written proposals for handling behavioral problems and after a thorough analysis of paper work, consider a motivational workshop wherein both engineers and administrative staff are encouraged to maintain harmony in workplace without giving cause to indifferent attitudes in work place. Per se, salaries, turnover, office and facilities are perfect and employees also keep the support of consultant to discuss and put forth the issues that are causing concern.ConclusionScotland workshop on motivation considers that FUN = ENERGY = MOTIVATION = FOCUS = RESULTS. Individual performance as well teamwork is important for organizations to take back quality work. In order to train employees for total quality management (TQM) aw areness workshops must be conducted to encourage employees to exercise sharpening of skills, explore individual strengths and lacunae areas. Finally, perfect and appropriate communication solves half of the problems as a powerful motivational tool.References Motivated to succeedAccessed on 8 April 2007http//www.scotlandis.com/content_files/downloads/wet%20loth%20it.pdfBlaire Palmer (2005), Optimum Newsletter Manager vs leaderAccessed 8 April 2007http//www.optimum-coaching.co.uk/news/motivation_newsletter_apr05.htm

Ap Biology Notes Cellular Communication Essay

Cell-to- mobile phone communication is essential in multi cubicleular organisms. They essential communicate to coordinate activities such as growth and development, and reproduction. In addition uni carrellular organisms communicate with each(prenominal) other. suggests may use light, or touch but we will focus on chemical foretells.1. outdoor(a) signals be converted to responses within the carrell a. Evolution of cell signal i. In yeast a cells and cells both secrete chemicals, which fuel but be received by the alternate type yeast. This signals the both cells to join via fusion 1. The process by which the signal on the surface of the cell is converted to a series of steps by the cell in response is called a signal transduction road ii. Signal transduction pathways are very similar in yeast and in complex multicellular organisms 2. This leads scientists to believe that this pathway evolved first in ancient prokaryotes b. Local and long distance foretoken iii. Local sig naling3. abutting cells of plants and animals may communicate through cell junctions a. Signaling substances dissolved in the cytoplasm travel amid cells i. Plants = plasmodesmataii. Animals = gap junctions4. Animal cells may use the followingb. Cell-to-cell recognitioniii. Direct contact between membrane- brim cell-surface shreds iv. serious in embryonic development and immune responsec. Paracrine signalingv. Uses local regulators which are goingd and travel only a short distance to nearby cells vi. Ex. Growth occurrenceors target nearby cells to grow and divide d. synaptic signalingvii. Electrical signal along a nerve cell triggers a chemical release across a synapse to trigger response in target cell viii.Ex. Nerve cellsiv. Long- distance signaling5. Both plants and animals use hormonese. Animals (endocrine signaling) cells release hormones which travel in the circulatory system to target cells f. Plants hormones travel in vessels or by diffusion through the air as gas g. H ormones vary in sizing and organize6. Nervous system signals can also be long distance c. The three stages of cell signaling A previewv. Reception when the target cell detects a signaling hint. The signaling element binds to a receptor protein on the target cells surface vi. Transduction After binding the receptor protein is substituted in some way, this converts the signal to a form that will bring about a proper(postnominal) cellular response7. May occur in a single step or a series of changes vii. Response The transduced signal triggers a particular proposition cellular response. 8. Catalysis of an enzyme, rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, activation of a particularised gene 2. Reception A signaling particle binds to a receptor protein, causing it to change shape d. To ensure signals are sent to the correct cell signaling molecules act as a ligand. viii. Ligand- molecule that specifically binds to another (usually larger) molecule ix. The receptor protein then usually changes shape x. May be determined on the membrane or inside the cell e. Receptors in the plasma membranexi. Water- fat-soluble signaling molecule binds to receptor on the membrane causing it to change shape or aggregate. f. Intracellular Receptors xii. represent in cytoplasm or nucleus of target cells9. Signaling molecule must be aquaphobic enough or small enough to pass through the plasma membrane h. Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, nitric oxide Examples Pathway OtherG-Protein Coupled Receptors Yeast mating factors, epinephrine, hormones, neurotransmitters 1. signaling molecule binds to the g-protein receptor 2. receptor changes shape and the cytoplasmic side binds to the inactive G protein 3. GTP then displaces to form GDP and activates the protein 4. Activated G protein diffuses along the membrane to an enzyme altering the enzyme to trigger the next step Bacteria such as whooping cough, botulism and cholera disrupt this pathway Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Enzymes that cata lyze the transfer of phosphate groups 1. binding of dickens signaling molecules to two tyrosine chains causes the two to associate with each other forming a dimer2. dimerization activates the tyrosine kinase region to add a phosphate from and ATP to each tyrosine in the polypeptide 3. each tail can now bind to and activate a different specific relay protein within the cell One receptor may activate cardinal+ pathways. Absence can result in cancer Ion Channel Receptors Nervous system 1. signaling molecule binds to the ion persuade in the membrane 2. protein changes shape creating a channel through the membrane 3. specific ions can now flow through the membrane which may cause a change in the cell or trigger another pathway Some ion gated channels are controlled by change in voltage rather than binding of a ligandg. Intracellular Receptorsxiii. Ex. Testosterone10. Hormone passes through the plasma membrane 11. Testosterone binds to a receptor protein in the cytoplasm activating it 12. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and binds to a specific gene 13. The bound protein acts as a transcription factor, stimulating the transcription of the gene into mRNA 14. The mRNA is translated into a specific protein 3. Transduction cascades of molecular interactions relay signals from receptor to target molecules in the cell h. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylationxiv. Proteins can be trip by the addition of a phosphate group (often broken send off of ATP or GTP) 15. Phosphates are transferred from ATP to a protein by a general group of enzymes known as protein kinases i. Phosphorylation often causes the protein to change shape j. This happens because the added phosphate group interacts with polar or charged amino acids within the protein xv. Protein phosphatases are enzymes that back away phosphate groups from a protein 16. Mechanism for turning off signal transduction 17. These also allow for turning off and reusing pathways i. Small molecules and ions as second messengersxvi. Molecules other than proteins act as second messengers 18. Small and water soluble such as ionsk. This allows them to rapidly spread throughout the cell via diffusion 19. Second messenger refers to anything after(prenominal) the first messenger which is the extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane 20. Most common second messengers are cyclic AMP and Ca+2 xvii. Cyclic AMP as a second messenger in response to the hormone epinephrine 21. Epinephrine binds to receptor molecule protein activates adenylyl cyclase which can catalyze the subtraction of many molecules of cAMP l. Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cAMP ix. cAMP usually activates a serine/threonine kinase known as protein kinase A which phosphorylates many other proteins m. cAMP is converted back to AMP by phosphodiesterase xviii. Calcium ions and inositol tripohosphate22. change magnitude calcium concentration causes responses such as muscle contraction, secretion of substances, and cell division in animals, and green in response to light in plants 23. Calcium is usually in high concentrations outside of the cell and in the ER but in low concentrations in the cytosol 24. Pathwayn. Signaling molecule binds to receptor o. Phospholipid pinches off membrane IP3 is released as second messenger p. IP3 binds to receptor on ER causing protein channel to open q. Ca+2 is released into cytosol4. Response Cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities j. Nuclear and cytoplasmic responsesxix. Pathways lead to the regulation of one or more cellular activities25. Regulate protein synthesisr. Turning specific genes on or off (calls for the synthesis of mRNA from DNA)26. Regulate protein activitys. pay back a shape change to turn a protein on or off27. Regulate overall shape change of cell28. Release of mating factors29. Cell divisionk. Fine-tuning of the responsexx. Signal elaboration30. Enzyme cascades amplify e ffects by increasing the product at each step t. Enzymes bear on active long enough to work on multiple products before becoming inactive xxi. The specificity of cell signaling and coordination of the response 31. Different types of cells are programmed to answer to only certain types of signals u. Some cells will respond to the same signals but in different ways v. This is because different cells have different collections of proteins xxii. Signaling energy scaffolding proteins and signaling complexes32. Scaffolding proteins increase the efficiency of the response w. A large protein with multiple protein kinases devoted x. Decreases the time of the response because diffusion between proteins is not needed 33. Pathways are not linear, in fact the same protein may act in multiple pathways 34. Relay proteins serve as branch points where the signal may go in one of two directions xxiii. Termination of the signal35. Each step in the pathway lasts only a short time, this makes the pr oteins ready for a new signal 36. When the signaling molecule leaves leave the receptor it reverts to its inactive form and the relay molecules follow

Research Paper on Plato Essay

Abstract Many Philosophers do a difference in society but Plato is perhaps recognized as the approximately famous. His literature give had a profound effect on people, politics, and the philosophical system throughout the centuries. He was a commonplace figure and he made major contributions to society. Plato helped to lay the philosophical foundations of modern culture through his ideas and belles-lettres. integrity of the most philosophical thinkers of Western civilization, Plato is the l whizzsome(prenominal) author from ancient Greek times whose writings go far intact. His collection consists of thirty-five dialogues and thirteen letters, though the authorship of some is contested.Plato was born in capital of Greece, into a well-to-do aristocratic family. His Fathers name was Ariston and his Mothers name was Perictione. His relative named Glaucon was one of the best-known members of the Athenian nobility. Platos name was Aristocles, his nickname Plato originates from wr estling circles, Plato means broad, and it probably refers either to his physical expression or his wrestling style. Plato is, by any reckoning, one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating, wide-ranging, and authoritative authors in the history of philosophy, (Kraut, 2009).Plato was born during the Golden Age of Athenss which saw the birth of classical architecture, drama, arts and politics. However, as he was growing up he observed the decline of Athens as a cultural center. He witnessed instances of cruelty, disloyalty, and dishonesty and it was in run violation of his values. It was also during this time that Plato fell under the go of Socrates, who engaged the people of Athens in philosophical treat workforcets. It was into this bright, sly, worldly atmosphere that Socrates appeared, moving questioningly about the streets of Athens.(Plato 1984). In 339 Socrates was brought to trial and charged with having false Gods an d subvert the youth. Socrates was found guilty on the charge and was sentenced to death. The execution of Socrates weighed heavily on Plato and he turned away from politics, he thought the behavior of the courts was unjust. He decided non to get mired in political breeding, instead he decided to leave Athens with other friends of Socrates to travel and study. During his travels he met with all strains of people and studied non only philosophy but geometry, astronomy, and religious teachings.Socrates was extremely influential to Plato and he was the main character in numerous writings, he was also influenced by Heraclitus, Parmenides, and the Pythagoreans. One of the most important goals Plato set for himself was to keep the memory of Socrates alive by recording and bringing about the kind of impact that Socrates had on people. Nearly all of Platos work takes the structure of dialogues in which Socrates is usually the main character. One of the goals of a Platos dialogue is to engross the reader in philosophical questions related to the ideas being discussed.The Socrates of the Platonic dialogues is modeled after the real Socrates but it is in part an imaginary character utilise to impart Platonic themes. Platos dialogues are divided into three groups, the early or Socratic dialogues the dialogues of fondness age and the dialogues of old age. In the early dialogues, Socrates is the main character, but it is generally believed that Plato is expressing his own views. These are the only remaining dialogues of Socrates teachings hence they are referred to as the Socratic dialogues. In The Apology Socrates was accused of having false gods and corrupting the youth.While on trial Socrates claimed that he was innocent and was not at all wise, Men of Athens, I honor and love you but I shall obey God rather than you, and while I have life and strength I shall never cease from the practice and teaching of philosophy Understand that I shall never alter my ways, n ot even if I have to die many times. (Plato 1984). Middle Dialogues During Platos middle period he wrote the following, Meno, Republic, Euthydemus, Menexenus, Cratylus, Phaedrus, Symposium and Phaedo. The most important difference between these writings and his earlier plant is that he is establishing his own voice in philosophy.In the Meno Plato introduces us to the Socratic idea that no one knowingly does wrong, Virtue is the desire of social functions honour fit and the power of attaining them. Plato (1984). In the Phaedo we become familiar with the platonic teaching of the Forms this is where Plato makes a claim as to the immortality of the nous. Platos most influential work, The Republic, is part of the middle dialogues. It is a discussion of the virtues of justice, courage and wisdom. It addresses the question of how do humans approach animateness a good life. The dialogue finishes by looking at various forms of government and describing the ideal state.The allegory of the Myth of the Cave is also in The Republic it is an important writing because it contains the main points of his philosophy. It is intended to be a metaphor for education and it explains issues regarding the conjecture of knowledge. Plato believed one must explore the belief that a greater reality exists. It is through this belief that a person basin gain greater insight into true reality and become enlightened. Without it we are comparable the prisoners of a weaken who only see the shadows of objects and live in complete darkness. And now, I said, let me interpret in a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened, beholdHuman beings living in an underground den (Plato 1927). It is only through philosophy that we can come out of the cave into the true world. Who is best suited to rule the state lovers of opinion or true philosophers? (Plato 1927) His final historic period at the academy he wrote the later dialogues which included the Parmenides, Theatetus, Sop hist, Statesmas, Timaeus, Critias, Philebus, and Laws. It should be noted that Socrates has a minor voice in these writings. Plato examines his metaphysical theories through these dialogues. He discusses art, dance, music, poetry, drama, and ethics in connection to immortality and the mind.He also dedicates himself to the philosophy of mathematics, politics and religion. Plato argued that women were qualified to play a role in politics and philosophy. In The Republic, Socrates argued that women were as exposed as men in pursuit of accomplishments. There is a suggestion that women should be educated for their roles in the class of guardians and possibly work next to men. A womans role could be meaning(a) in society, but different from a mans role. Even though Plato believed that women were necessary in a working society, he did not mean he thought women were equals of men.Plato thought that women lacked the strength of men and that women were more suited for other responsibilities in life. If women are expected to do the same work as men, we must teach them the same things. (Plato 1927) The impact of Platos work cannot be measured or calculated. His writings had great influence on the entire intellectual development of Western civilization. Despite the fact that Plato did not leave a well-formed, rigid philosophical system he is considered the father for all forms of philosophical noble-mindedness and dualism.The object of education is to teach us to love what is beautiful. (Plato 1984). After he died the Academy continued until AD 529, when it was closed due to its pagan teachings. Neo-Platonism, founded by the 3rd-century philosopher Plotinus, was an important development of Platonism. It was a philosophical system which was as a combination of Platonic, Pythagorean, and Aristotelian elements. Originally it was opposed to Christianity but later on it integrated it. It reign European thought until the 13th century and re-emerged during the Renaissance.T he most important Renaissance Neo-Platonist was Marsilio Ficino who substantial significant ideas from Plato and Neo-Platonism. Ficino founded of the Academy in Firenze and was responsible for the circulation of Neo-Platonic ideas. Ficino is credited with translating all of Platos dialogues into Latin and produced a great work called Platonic Theology, in which he outlines Neo-Platonism. His philosophy is based on the doctrine that the human soul is the center of the cosmos. It is the only thing that sits between the world of ideas and the world is the soul.Neo-Platonism was revived in the 17th century by the Cambridge Platonists such as Cudworth and Smith. The school stressed the importance of reason, maintaining that faith and reason are not that different. Rene Descartes an 18th century philosopher and Neo-Platonist developed a method to achieve truths. If something is not recognized by the intellect or reason can be classified as knowledge. According to Descartes. These truths are gained without any sensory experience (Descartes). He argued that as a result of his method, reason alone determined knowledge and that this could be done independently of the senses.Cogito ergo sum, I think at that placefore I exist (Descartes) Plato developed an absolutist ethical theory which is that there is a greater good toward which to aspire. He developed this theory to respond to the skepticism and the beliefs of the Sophists who Plato felt did not preach wisdom, but rather their opinions. Plato tried to protect the part of reasoning in human life though he had resistance from the ancient Greek preachers know as the Sophists. They came from different cities and proclaimed that they were able to impart knowledge to young men how to live prosperous lives.Even though the Sophists did not endure to a school and did not have a common creed, some opinions were typical of them as a group and were absolutely conflicting to the views of Plato. The Sophists were great communica tors and skilled public speakers. Plato felt that the Sophists were more likely to speak to to emotions rather than to reason. According to Plato philosophers influence peoples souls not their bodies and Plato agreed with Socrates in thinking that the nurturing of the soul is more vital than the nurturing of the body.Furthermore, he also believed that true leaders need to have wisdom, and knowledge. Platos influence has been monumental as one philosopher said the history of philosophy is simply a series of footnotes to Plato. (Whitehead) Platos has been criticized down through the centuries for his philosophy of the forms. His ideas of the just life and an ideal state are complex. Plato tended to specifically ignores frequently of human nature. Plato did not think in the realm of the physical world, he was always looking to a different one where things exist only if he can prove there existence.References Kraut, R. (2009, Sept) Plato Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/plato Plato. (1984) corking dialogues of Plato New York Mentor Books trans. by Benjamin Jowett Blackburn, S. (1945) The republic of Plato. (45 ed. ). London Oxford University Press, USA. trans. By Desmond Lee Descartes. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/descartes-works Alfred magnetic north Whitehead. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/whitehead/